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Russia, or the Russian Federation (RF) is a state in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The territory of Russia within its constitutional boundaries is 17,125,191 km²; the population of the country (within its declared territory) is 145,557,576 people. (2022). It ranks first in the world in terms of territory, sixth in terms of GDP according to PPSP and ninth in terms of population.

A state in Central Asia, which used to be part of the USSR. It stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east, where it borders China and Russia. Alma-Ata is the largest city and an important trade center in the country. Among the sights of the city, it is worth noting the Ascension Cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church, built under Nicholas II, and the Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan, thousands of exhibits of which allow you to get an idea of ​​the history of the state. ― Google

A state in Western Europe with forests, rivers, mountain ranges and beach resorts in the North Sea. The history of the country covers a period of more than two thousand years. The capital, Berlin, is full of cultural and nightlife. Many sights of the city, in particular the Brandenburg Gate, are reminiscent of the events of the Second World War. Munich is famous for the Oktoberfest festival and beer restaurants. The most famous of them is the Hofbräuhaus, which opened in the 16th century. Frankfurt is a city of skyscrapers, it is here that the headquarters of the European Central Bank is located. ― Google

The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - an island nation in the north-west of Europe, consisting of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. In England, in the homeland of Shakespeare and The Beatles, the capital of the state London is located - the world's business and cultural center. The country is also known for the Neolithic construction of Stonehenge, the Roman baths in the city of Bath and the ancient universities in Oxford and Cambridge. ― Google

A country in Northern Europe bordering Sweden, Norway and Russia. Helsinki, the capital of the country, is located on the peninsula and adjacent islands of the Baltic Sea. In the city, it is worth visiting the 18th-century sea fortress Sveaborg, the fashionable Design District and numerous museums. In the vast Arctic province of Lapland, famous for its national parks and ski resorts, you can see the northern lights.― Google

A huge country in South Asia with a diverse topography: both the mountain peaks of the Himalayas and the coast of the Indian Ocean are located on its territory. The history of the country has five millennia. In northern India, architectural monuments of the Mughal era have been preserved, including the Red Fort and the Jami Masjid (Cathedral Mosque) in Delhi and the Taj Mahal in Agra. The city of Varanasi is known as a place of pilgrimage for Hindus who bathe in the Ganges, while Rishikesh is known as a yoga center and starting point for hiking in the Himalayas. ― Google

A state located in the western part of Transcaucasia on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. Refers to Western Asia; is often regarded as a country at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, sometimes as part of modern Europe. ― Wikipedia

Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a state in Northern Europe, located in the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and on a huge number of adjacent small islands, as well as the Svalbard archipelago, Jan Mayen and Bear Islands in the Arctic Ocean. ― Wikipedia

A country in Southern Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula and thousands of islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas. She is the heiress of the mighty Ancient Greece, which is considered the cradle of Western civilization. Athens, the capital of Greece, is famous for its Acropolis fortress, built in the 5th century BC. e., and the Parthenon temple. The black sand beaches of Santorini, the resorts of Mykonos and other summer vacation spots are popular with tourists. ― Google

Arab country, which is located on a peninsula washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. Its hinterland is an arid desert, while its coastline is covered with beaches and dunes. Doha, the capital of the country, is famous for its futuristic skyscrapers and ultra-modern buildings, made in the style of ancient Islamic architecture. One of them is the Museum of Islamic Art on the Corniche, the main material for which was limestone. ― Google

It is a large country in Eastern Europe, famous for its Orthodox churches, Black Sea resorts and forested mountains. In Kyiv, the capital of the country, there is the St. Sophia Cathedral, decorated with golden domes, 11th-century mosaics and frescoes. Above the Dnieper River rises the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Monastery, a place of pilgrimage for many Orthodox Christians. Religious relics are kept in her sketes, and the mummified remains of Orthodox monks are kept in the catacombs. ― Google

The United States of America is a 50-state country that occupies a significant part of North America. The state of Alaska is located in the northwest of the continent, and Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. The major cities of the Atlantic coast include New York and the capital Washington. To the west of them is another important city - Chicago, known for its impressive architecture. And on the west coast is Los Angeles with famous Hollywood film studios. ― Google

European country located on the Iberian Peninsula. The territory of Spain is divided into 17 autonomous regions. In the capital of the country, Madrid, there is the Royal Palace and the Prado Museum, which houses works of European masters. In Segovia, you can visit the medieval castle (Alcazar) and see the well-preserved Roman aqueduct. Barcelona is the capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The appearance of this city is determined by the numerous bizarre and fantastic creations of the architect Antonio Gaudi, including the Sagrada Familia. ― Google

This is a country that occupies the mainland of the same name, which is washed by the Indian and Pacific oceans. On the coasts of the continent there are such large cities as Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Adelaide. The capital of Australia - Canberra - is located far from the sea. The main attractions of the country are the Sydney Opera House, the Great Barrier Reef and Outback - a vast desert area. The fauna of Australia is also interesting: unique species of animals live here, such as kangaroos and platypuses. ― Google

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a state on the Arabian Peninsula along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf, consisting of seven emirates. The capital of the country, Abu Dhabi, located on a coastal island, is famous for the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, which can accommodate more than 40,000 worshipers and is illuminated by crystal chandeliers. In Dubai, tourists are attracted by the world's tallest skyscraper Burj Khalifa, huge shopping centers and entertainment venues in a distinctive style. ― Google

A country in Western Europe known for its medieval towns and renaissance buildings. In the north of the country, in Flanders, they speak Dutch, and in the south, in Wallonia, they speak French. There is a large German-speaking community in the east of Belgium. The country's capital, Brussels, whose inhabitants communicate in both Dutch and French, is famous for its ornate guild houses on the Grand Place and elegant Art Nouveau buildings. The city is home to the headquarters of the European Union and NATO. ― Google

This is a state in the Caucasus, located on the border of Europe and Asia; former Soviet republic of the USSR. Armenia is one of the oldest Christian countries, so there are many important religious monuments here. The most famous among them are the Greco-Roman temple of Garni and the Etchmiadzin Cathedral - the main temple of the Armenian Church built in the 4th century. A popular place of pilgrimage is the monastery of Khor Virap. It is located near Mount Ararat, which is an inactive volcano and is located in Turkey. ― Google

Moldova is a state in Eastern Europe, which used to be part of the USSR. The territory of Moldova is occupied by forests, mountains and vineyards. The country's main wine-producing regions are Nistreana, famous for its red wines, and Codru, home to some of the largest wine cellars in the world. The capital of the country, the city of Chisinau, is famous for its architecture from the times of the USSR. There is also the National Museum of the History of Moldova. It features various works of art and ethnographic collections highlighting the country's cultural connection with Romania. ― Google

This is a state in Scandinavia, whose geography includes thousands of coastal islands and inland lakes, taiga forests and mountains covered with glaciers. All the largest cities - the capital Stockholm and located in the southeast of Gothenburg and Malmö - are seaside. Stockholm is made up of 14 islands with over 50 bridges. It is known for the medieval district of Gamla Stan (Old Town), as well as royal palaces and museums, including the Skansen open-air museum. ― Google

A North American country stretching from the US border in the south to the Arctic Circle in the north. The largest cities are crowded Toronto, the center of the film industry located on the west coast, Vancouver, French-speaking Montreal and Quebec, and the capital of the country, Ottawa. A significant part of Canada is occupied by areas with wildlife, including Banff National Park in the Rocky Mountains with many lakes. In addition, the world-famous Niagara Falls is located here. ― Google

This is a large country in South America, famous for its music and tango dance. The territory of Argentina covers the Andes mountains, glacial lakes, as well as the pampa - the steppes, where cattle are traditionally bred. The country's capital is the large cosmopolitan city of Buenos Aires. In its center is the Plaza de Mayo, a square with majestic buildings of the 19th century. Among them is the Casa Rosada, the residence of the President of Argentina. ― Google

Belarus is a state in Eastern Europe, completely surrounded by land. This country has many buildings of the Stalin era, historical military fortifications and untouched forests. In the capital, the city of Minsk, there is a monumental building of the KGB of the Republic of Belarus. Its outlines are visible from the nearby Independence Square. Another attraction is the State Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War. Also in Minsk there are many different churches, such as the Church of St. Simeon and St. Helena. ― Google

This is a country in Western Europe, on the territory of which there are medieval cities, alpine villages and beaches of the Mediterranean Sea. Paris, the capital of the state, is famous for its fashion houses, the oldest art museums, including the Louvre, and landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower. France is known for its wines and fine cuisine. The rock paintings in the Lascaux cave, the amphitheater of the Three Gallias in Lyon and the huge Palace of Versailles testify to the rich history of these places. ― Google

A flat country in the northwest of Europe, famous for its canals, tulip fields, windmills and bike paths. The Rijksmuseum Art Museum, the Van Gogh Museum and the house where the Jewish girl Anne Frank wrote her diary during World War II are located in the capital of the state, Amsterdam. Mansions along the canals, as well as famous paintings by Rembrandt and Vermeer, have been preserved from the Golden Age of the Netherlands (XVII century). ― Google

A state in Northern Europe and a former republic of the USSR. It is washed by the waters of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland and includes more than 1,500 islands. The relief of the country is diverse: these are rocky beaches, and virgin forests, and numerous lakes. Estonia is famous for its castles, churches and hilltop fortresses. The country's capital, Tallinn, is popular with tourists thanks to its well-preserved Old Town, museums and the 314-meter-high TV tower, which overlooks the city from its observation deck. ― Google

A country in Eastern Europe on the Baltic Sea, famous for its medieval architecture and Jewish quarters. The city of Krakow is famous for the 14th-century Royal Castle on the Wawel Hill, which offers a magnificent view of the medieval old town, where the Cloth Hall, a Renaissance trading building on the Main Market Square, is located. Not far from the city is the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum, opened on the site of the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz, and the salt mine in Wieliczka, which is a chain of corridors and chambers. ― Google

A Mediterranean state in Southern Europe with a long coastline that has had a huge impact on Western culture and cuisine. On the territory of the country's capital, Rome, is the state of the Vatican, as well as world-famous museums and ancient ruins. Other major Italian cities include Florence, home to Renaissance masterpieces such as Michelangelo's David and Brunelleschi's Duomo, as well as the canal city of Venice and the fashion capital of Milan.― Google

Multinational city-state, global financial center. It is located on an island and borders the southern part of Malaysia. The heart of the city's colonial center is the Padang cricket ground, established in the 1830s. It is surrounded by majestic buildings, including the city hall with 18 Corinthian columns. In Chinatown, founded around 1820, is the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, where one of the founder's teeth is believed to be kept. ― Google

It is a country in Southeast Asia, located on the coast of the South China Sea. It is known for its beaches, rivers, Buddhist pagodas and lively cities. In the capital city of Hanoi, there is a huge marble mausoleum of the country's famous Communist Party leader Ho Chi Minh. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly known as Saigon, is full of French colonial-style buildings and museums dedicated to the history of the Vietnam War. The Cu Chi Tunnels were often used by Viet Cong soldiers. ― Google

This is a former Soviet republic of the USSR, a state located on the coast of the Caspian Sea in the Caucasus Mountains, on the border of Europe and Asia. The capital of Azerbaijan is Baku. It is famous for the old town of the medieval era. In the old city, there is the Maiden Tower towering over the city, as well as the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, the royal residence of the 15th century. ― Google

This is a state in Southeast Asia, which occupies the territory of several thousand volcanic islands. They are inhabited by hundreds of peoples who speak different languages. The country is known for its beaches, volcanoes, and jungle-dwelling Komodo monitor lizards, elephants, orangutans, and tigers. The capital of Indonesia - a large, colorful city of Jakarta - is located on the island of Java. Here is the city of Yogyakarta, famous for its puppet shows and the traditional orchestra called gamelan. ― Google

A country in Central Asia, which was once part of the USSR. It is famous for its mosques, mausoleums and structures erected on the Great Silk Road - the ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean. The city of Samarkand, which was an important point along the way, gained worldwide fame thanks to the Registan Square, which is surrounded by three madrasahs (Muslim educational institutions) decorated with mosaics, built in the 15th and 17th centuries

A country in Central Asia, washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea. A significant area of ​​the country is occupied by the Karakum Desert. Here are the ruins of the ancient settlements of Nisa and Merv, through which the Great Silk Road once ran. Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan, was rebuilt in the Soviet style in the middle of the 20th century. Subsequently, the architectural landscape of the city was supplemented by grandiose monuments in honor of the former president of the country, Saparmurat Niyazov.

It is a Central European country with an imperial history, baroque architecture, mountain villages and an alpine landscape. The official language here is German. The capital of Austria - the city of Vienna - is located on the Danube River. Vienna is notable for its Schonbrunn and Hofburg palaces, as well as for the fact that such famous people as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johann Strauss and Sigmund Freud lived in it. Popular attractions in Austria are the Bohemian Forest in the north of the country, Lake Traunsee and the vineyards located in the east.

A landlocked country in Central Europe with its capital in Budapest, through the center of which flows the Danube River. The city is known for its many architectural monuments, including the medieval Castle Hill in the Buda area, the majestic neoclassical buildings on Andrássy Avenue in Pest, and the 19th-century Chain Bridge. The culture of Hungary was greatly influenced by Roman and Turkish traditions, so the country is very popular holiday on mineral springs, including the thermal lake Heviz.

This is a country on the northern coast of South America, known for the incredible beauty of its nature. There are many resort islands scattered along the Caribbean coast, including Margarita Island and the Los Roques archipelago. In the northwestern part of the country, the famous Andes rise, where the colonial city of Merida is located. From here, tours of the Sierra Nevada National Park begin. The capital of Venezuela, the city of Caracas, is located in the north.

A city and a tiny state on the Mediterranean coast, which borders France. It is known for its chic casinos, the pier where expensive yachts moor, and the stage of the prestigious Formula 1 motor race, which takes place on the streets of Monaco. Monte Carlo, the country's largest district, is home to a magnificent casino complex built during the Belle Epoque and an ornate opera house. There are many luxury hotels, shops, nightclubs and restaurants.

An island nation in the North Atlantic Ocean. The relief of the country is determined by volcanoes, geysers, hot springs and lava fields. Vatnajökull and Snaefellsjokull National Parks are located in Iceland and are known for their huge glaciers. Most of the population lives in the capital, Reykjavik, which receives a significant part of its energy from a geothermal power plant. In the city, it is worth visiting the National Museum and the Saga Museum, the exposition of which is dedicated to the history of the settlement of Iceland by the Vikings.

Country in Northeast Africa and the Middle East. Archaeological sites in the fertile Nile River Valley, including the pyramids of Giza, the Great Sphinx, the Temple of Karnak, whose walls are covered with hieroglyphs, and the Valley of the Kings with the tombs of the pharaohs in the Luxor region, remind of its rich history of more than five thousand years. The country's capital, Cairo, is famous for the Mohammed Ali Mosque, built during the Ottoman Empire, and the Egyptian Museum, which exhibits the mummies of pharaohs and gilded wooden statues of Tutankhamun.

This is a state in North Africa, located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert. Various empires have left their mark here. Roman ruins can be seen in the coastal town of Tipaza. In the capital of the country, the city of Algiers, monuments from the Ottoman Empire have been preserved, such as the 1612 Ketshava Mosque in the mountainous Kasbah quarter with narrow streets and stairs. The Neo-Byzantine Cathedral of Our Lady of Africa is a reminder that there was once a French colony here

A state in Southeast Asia with numerous tropical beaches, luxurious royal palaces, ancient ruins and richly decorated Buddhist temples. In Bangkok, the capital of the country, next to ultra-modern skyscrapers along the canals, there are quiet residential areas and iconic temples: Wat Arun, Wat Pho and the Temple of the Emerald Buddha (Wat Phra Kaew). Not far from the city are beach resorts, including crowded Pattaya and fashionable Hua Hin.

A country in the northwest of South America, whose appearance is formed by tropical forests, the Andes mountain range and numerous coffee plantations. In Bogota, the country's highland capital, the Zona Rosa district is worth a visit, famous for its many restaurants and shops. Cartagena on the Caribbean coast is famous for its 16th-century castle, the old city of the colonial period, surrounded by a fortress wall, and coral reefs

A state in Southeast Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean, consisting of more than 7,000 islands. Manila, the nation's capital, is known for its waterfront and centuries-old Binondo Chinatown. The walled old town is located in the Intramuros area. Here is the Church of St. Augustine, built in the Baroque style in the 17th century, and Fort Santiago, a famous fortress and military prison.

A state in South America, known for its lush greenery and beaches. In the center of the capital, the city of Montevideo, on Independence Square, there is the Citadel Gate - the surviving part of the fortress wall. From here begins the Old Town with Art Deco and colonial buildings. In its northwestern part, there is the Port Market, where you can try a steak in one of the many restaurants. Fisheries, marinas and parks line La Rambla.

A landlocked state located between Argentina, Brazil and Bolivia. Large areas are occupied by swamps, subtropical forests and chaco - a semi-desert area that combines savannah and shrub steppe. The capital is located in the city of Asuncion, lying on the banks of the Paraguay River. Here is the Government Palace and the Del Barro Museum, which displays pre-Columbian ceramics and nanduti lace. Lace can be purchased at local shops.

A country between India and Tibet, famous for its temples and the Himalayas, which include Mount Everest, the highest peak on the planet. Kathmandu, the capital of the state, is famous for its labyrinth-like old quarter, which houses many Hindu and Buddhist shrines. In the Kathmandu Valley, there is the Swayambhunath Buddhist temple, which is inhabited by monkeys, the giant Buddhist stupa of Boudhanath, the Pashupatinath Hindu temple complex with cremation pedestals, as well as the medieval city of Bhaktapur

A country in Southeast Asia, occupying part of the Malay Peninsula and the island of Kalimantan. It is famous for its beaches, rainforests and original culture influenced by Malay, Chinese, Indian and European traditions. Kuala Lumpur, the capital of the country, is known worldwide for its colonial buildings, the bustling shopping area of ​​Bukit Bintang and skyscrapers, including the iconic 451-metre-tall Petronas Twin Towers.

Lebanon, officially the Lebanese Republic, is a state in the Middle East, located in a mountainous area on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. In the east and north it borders with Syria, in the south with Israel. The population of Lebanon is over 6 million people.

A socialist island nation in the northern Caribbean. It is known for its white sand beaches and tobacco plantations, which are used in the production of the legendary Cuban cigars. The country's capital, Havana, is famous for its pastel-colored houses, 1950s cars, and a historic center that retains 16th-century colonial architecture. Salsa is performed in dance clubs, and magnificent shows are shown in the famous Tropicana cabaret.

A country in the Middle East off the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, considered by Jews, Christians and Muslims to be the biblical Holy Land. The main shrines of the country are located in the Old City of Jerusalem: the Temple Mount, on which the sanctuary of the Dome of the Rock, the ancient Wailing Wall and the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Church of the Holy Sepulcher were erected. Tel Aviv, the financial center of Israel, is known for its beaches, as well as buildings built according to the designs of the architects of the German Bauhaus school

Country in central South America. Its relief is very diverse: the Andes, the Atacama Desert and the Amazon rainforests are located here. The capital of the country, La Paz, is located on the Andean Altiplano plateau with a height of more than 3500 m next to the snow-capped mountain Ilyimani. Near the border with Peru lies the continent's largest lake, Titicaca, whose surface resembles polished glass

A Caribbean island-state covered in mountains, rainforests and reef-fringed beaches. Most of the country's all-inclusive resorts are located in the city of Montego Bay, famous for its British colonial architecture, and the settlement of Negril, which is considered the best place for diving and snorkeling. Jamaica is the birthplace of reggae, so visiting the Bob Marley Museum, dedicated to the famous artist, is worth a visit in the country's capital, Kingston.

An island nation located in the Indian Ocean off the southeast coast of India. The country is famous for its diverse landscapes: on its territory there are tropical forests and arid plains, mountain plateaus and sandy beaches. In Sri Lanka, it is worth visiting the ruins of the Buddhist fortress of Sigiriya of the 5th century with the remains of the palace and huge frescoes. In the ancient capital of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, numerous architectural monuments of antiquity, whose age exceeds 2000 years, have been preserved.

A country on the Balkan Peninsula (southeast Europe), in the north of which the plains prevail, and in the south - mountain ranges, where ski resorts are open to visitors. The country's capital, Belgrade, is famous for its buildings erected during the communist period and Kalemegdan Park, home to the Belgrade Fortress, which successively belonged to the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires. Stari Grad (Old Town) attracts tourists with 19th-century mansions and the National Theater, where opera and ballet companies perform.

A state in East Asia, bordering Russia in the north and China in the south. Has no access to the sea. The state is a member of almost all UN structures, as well as some CIS structures as an observer. The official language is Mongolian, written in Cyrillic.

The state located between the USA and the countries of Central America. It is famous for its beaches on the coasts of the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico and its diverse landscape. It meets mountainous terrain, deserts and rainforests. Throughout the country, you can see the ruins of ancient buildings, such as Teotihuacan and Chichen Itza from the Maya. There are also many cities of the era of Spanish colonization. The capital of Mexico, Mexico City, is a modern city filled with upscale shopping, famous museums and fine dining.

An island nation off the southeast coast of Africa, which is famous for its tropical forests, beaches and reefs. The island is home to thousands of endemic animal species such as lemurs. Near the populous capital of the country, Antananarivo, there is Ambohimanga Hill, on the slopes of which the palaces and burial places of local rulers have been preserved, and the Avenue of the Baobabs - a dirt road, on both sides of which centuries-old trees grow colossal sizes.

Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a state in West Africa. It borders Sierra Leone to the west, Guinea to the north, and Ivory Coast to the east. The capital is Monrovia. The official language is English. The monetary unit is the Liberian dollar.

A hilly country in Central America, covered with tropical forests and washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. San José, the capital of the state, is home to many cultural institutions, such as the Pre-Columbian Gold Museum, but Costa Rica is best known for its beaches and volcanoes, as well as its diverse flora and fauna. About a quarter of the country's area is covered by protected jungles, which are home to a huge number of wild animals, including spider monkeys and quetzal birds.